Lithuania-China row: EU escalates trade dispute with Beijing

The EU has accused China of “illegal” trade practices as it launched an official dispute on behalf of one of its smallest member states.

The row was sparked when Lithuania allowed Taiwan to open a de facto embassy there, angering Beijing which sees Taiwan as part of its territory.

China downgraded its diplomatic relations with Lithuania, but denies ordering a boycott of Lithuanian goods.

The EU has now taken the case to the World Trade Organisation.

European Trade Commissioner Valdis Dombrovskis said China was blocking Lithuanian imports and imports from other EU states, if they have components coming from Lithuania.

Mr Dombrovskis told the BBC that the EU would still try to find an “amicable solution” in parallel with pursuing the WTO case.

“For the time-being we have not found a negotiated solution. That’s why we are now exercising our WTO rights.”

But experts say the WTO case could easily become bogged down.

“It will probably take years to litigate,” said Noah Barkin, a Visiting Senior Fellow at the German Marshall Fund.

“So taking this to the WTO is positive, but alongside that you need to see the big member states like Germany and France stepping up and signalling to China that if the coercion continues there’s going to be a cost.”

China sees self-ruled Taiwan as a breakaway province while Taiwan sees itself as an independent country.

Beijing downgraded diplomatic relations with Lithuania last year, after a Taiwanese representative office was opened in the capital, Vilnius.

The office carried the name Taiwan rather than the capital Taipei, which is used by many foreign nations to avoid offending China.

Those plans are still going through the legislative process but an analyst at the Swedish National China Centre isn’t convinced that even these measures would work.

Viking Bohman said: “Beijing seems uncompromising on issues relating to its so-called core interests of which Taiwan is one of the most important. Even if the EU summoned up strong counter-measures, it’s unclear if China would change its behaviour.”

In the short-term, Noah Barkin says European countries should do more to help mitigate the economic impacts for Lithuania.

“If European companies pull out of Lithuania because of this Chinese coercion, then Beijing will have won and the lesson it will draw from this is that it can pressure European countries to tow its red lines.”